The flat parasites are represented in the fauna of our planet mainly by digestic saucers (chat and liver bicarria) and ribbon worms (Ténia of Taurus and Porc, Large band, Echinococcus).
Diseases caused by them are called helminthias.The nutrients of the worms are absorbed by a rotary hole or a surface of their body with an osmosis.
Disease list
Helminthoses caused by flat helminthes are classified according to various signs - the infection method, the number of owners, life forms, etc.
Depending on the presence or absence of an intermediate host, 3 diseases are distinguished:
- Geogelmintosis,in which worms do not need a temporary owner.The verses for Geo-Gogelminthiasis are located in the human body, which is the last master for them.
- Biogelmintosis,Characterized by the fact that parasites, in addition to the main host (final), also need an intermediary.
- HimenolepidosisOr otherwise contagious (contact) Helminthias, in which parasites are transmitted from a person to a person.From the human body, parasites are distinguished by mature, ready for an additional invasion.
Depending on the characteristics of development, pathogens are classified:
- by the invasion method;
- by the nature of life in the external environment;
- By occupied value in human pathology.
Invasia with cestodes can occur in different ways of penetration through the skin, when swallowing green eggs, with a bite of fleet.Migration of parasites is often accompanied by a violation of the integrity of tissues and organs.
Important!Most often, cestodes are located in the gastrointestinal tract.But certain types of helminths have settled in other organs and systems - liver, lungs, bile ducts.
Helminthosis is a common name for diseases caused by the presence of worms.Invasions of specific Helminthes types often have specific names.Here are some of the diseases caused by certain types of flat parasites.
Tiariars is a disease that occurs during infection by a bull chain.Invasia is characterized by pronounced toxic-allergic manifestations and dyspeptic disorders.
TuatiDRENCHOOSE belongs to biogelmintosis.In other words, the Ténia Taureau has the final (person) and the intermediate hosts (cattle).The infection occurs by entering the human body of verses when you eat poorly cooked meat of an infected animal.The parasite is located in the intestines, fixing its walls with suction cups, which at the same time damages the integrity of the intestinal fabric.
TuatiDRENCHOOSE is often without symptoms.But in the case of a severe lesion, the following manifestations of the disease take place:
- dyspepsia;
- nausea;
- Bad appetite;
- abundant salivation;
- Sensation of severity in epigastria;
- Stomach burns;
- to vomit.
Teniosis is a helminthiasis caused by an infection by the pork chain.It is characterized by damage to individual organs (brain, eyes) and systemic disorders (dyspepsia, violation of the functions of the central nervous system).
The pork tenia is a bandworm that is parasitic in the small intestines of a person.Parts of his body, as well as eggs, secreted during the stool, are eaten by pigs, which become an intermediate host for Ténia.In addition to pigs, the role of the latter can play hares, dogs, rabbits, camels.A person is the only final master for Helmint.
For information!They are infected with a chain when using an insufficiently welded or fried pork, an invasion through water and dirty hands is possible.
Tusias' clinical image is similar to the manifestations of Teriarinchosis, but more pronounced.People infected with the chain can fall into short -term fainting.In the complicated form of tissue tissues and human organs, are affected by Ténias eggs with the formation of incapaculated larvae - cystics.Depending on the location of the latter, serious violations of cardiac and brain activity, the vision of vision (including complete blindness) are possible.
Echinococcosis
Echinococcosis is caused by bandworms with alveococcus and echinococcus.
Invasies develop with the participation of two owners:
- Intermediary (omnivore and herbivore Ingulates, person), in which the larval form of parasitic helminthe;
- Final (PS - Jackals, Wolves, Foxes), in which adults from worms are.
Echinococcosis is transmitted to a person of animals, that is to say that they are in their type of zoone invasions.The infection occurs using eggs in hand, vegetables, fruit.
The disease manifests itself in 2 forms:
- Single room (hydrates, cysticized);
- and multi-chamber echinococcosis (alveococcosis).
For humans, echinococcosis is the process of training of cysts (Finn) which occur in various organs - the heart, the liver, the lungs, the bones, the brain.Perhaps the formation of metastases resembling cancer.
Note!The clinic and the severity of the disease are determined by the size and the number of cysts, their location.The affected organs are subject to dystrophic changes (parenchyma atrophy, stroma sclerosis).Parassite metabolism products cause toxic-allergic reactions.With a rupture of a purpular cyst, anaphylactic shock is not excluded.
Himenolepidosis
The disease is caused by a dwarf tenia - a relatively small helminthe, if we compare it with other representatives of this class.
Ténia has a small head, neck and body divided into members.When its eggs enter the human body, they develop in a larva attached with villi with intestinal walls.The larvae transform into young individuals (cytycoids), which are an intermediate stage between the larva and the adult helminths.
A cystiscoid is a very dangerous dwarf shade life, because cysticmes are capable of destroying the intestinal walls with the formation of inflammation and erosion.The human body reacts to the defeat of anemia and signs of poisoning.
The eggs are deposited on adults from Ténia.When the Helminthe reaches a certain length, part of its members of the body with the eggs breaks and goes out with excrement.The other party remains in the intestines and continues its life cycle.
Invasia by Nwarf Chain occurs during the consumption of dirty water, consuming a gelminthe of vegetables and unwashed fruits, when helted with the hands on which there are eggs, faces and lips.
Hymenolepidosis is manifested by the following main symptoms:
- rapid weight loss;
- stomach pain;
- high weakness.
The disease is diagnosed according to the results of the fecal analysis.Treatment is carried out by synthetic drugs, the doctor prescribes the dose and the contribution of the contribution after examining the patient and studied the analysis data.
The main way to prevent infection is to comply with cleanliness: hand washing and showering, change of clothing, maintaining a bathroom using effective disinfectants.
Danger for humans
Invasias by cestodes (hymenolepidosis, diphyllobotriosis, tuiase, cytycchosis, shadowrinchosis) are very dangerous diseases, loaded with threatening life complications.
It is worth knowing!The manifestation of helminthiasis may be different depending on the systems and organs affected by the verses and the degree of infection.With damage to the central nervous system, insufficient behavior, paralysis, epilepsy attacks, hyperactivity can take place.The patient can feel headache and dizziness, weakness, insomnia.
Allergic reactions in the form of edema of quincke, urticaria or food allergies often occur as a response to infection.
Significant digestive disorders can be observed, manifesting itself in the form of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stupid or clearly cramped pain in the abdomen.In some cases, pancreatitis and cholecystitis can develop.The consequence of a violation of the functionality of the gastrointestinal tract is, as a rule, a strong weight loss.
Blood tests can detect hypochromic anemia and eosinophilia.
Prevention
Prevention is mainly reduced to compliance with personal hygiene rules.Without this, it is almost impossible to avoid infections, to be in an environment where Helminthe eggs are common.The heat treatment is no less important from the point of view of the prevention of the invasion is the correct heat treatment of meat and other products.
The main prevention recommendations:
- Make sure you wash your hands when you return to the street, before meals, after the reference of natural needs.
- Eat only well washed and well washed fruits and vegetables.
- Drive only boiled or bottle water.Even filtered water can contain parasitic eggs, not to mention the one provided from the supply of filtering water.
- Avoid too narrow contact with pets - so as not to let them go to bed, not to kiss.Regularly check the "our smallest brothers" for the helminths, if necessary, contact a veterinary clinic.
- Wash the bedding more often and caress underwear, especially baby.
- Hold your immunity at the appropriate level.This will allow the body to face Helminthias alone.
- In the presence of circumstances which create an increased risk of infection (business trip or tourism trip to exotic countries, stay in groups where the risk of invasion is high), use the preventive contribution of antigens.But that should not be done more than 2 times a year with a compulsory consultation with a doctor.
If the infection has occurred, drugs are prescribed individually by the doctor.They are generally drugs for tablets.In more serious cases, injections, droplets, irradiations are used.
The means of traditional medicine, with their appropriate use, are also effective in the fight against helminthias.